Such activities may include trading ahead of order execution. In connection with our market making and other activities, we may engage in hedging, including pre-hedging, to mitigate our risk, facilitate customer transactions and hedge any associated exposure. The level of the fee or markup may differ for each customer and may differ for the same customer depending on the method or venue used for transaction execution

The price provided may include profit, fees, costs, charges or other mark ups as determined by us in our sole discretion. We provide all-in pricing for exchange rates. The exchange rate you are offered may be different from, and likely inferior to, the rate paid by us to acquire the underlying currency. Exchange rates offered by other dealers or shown at other sources by us or other dealers (including online sources) may be different from our exchange rates. You acknowledge that exchange rates for retail and commercial transactions, and for transactions effected after regular business hours and on weekends, are different from the exchange rates for large inter-bank transactions effected during the business day, as may be reported in The Wall Street Journal or elsewhere. If we assign an exchange rate to your foreign exchange transaction, that exchange rate will be determined by us in our sole discretion based upon such factors as we determine relevant, including without limitation, market conditions, exchange rates charged by other parties, our desired rate of return, market risk, credit risk and other market, economic and business factors, and is subject to change at any time without notice. 1Exchange rates fluctuate, at times significantly, and you acknowledge and accept all risks that may result from such fluctuations.

1 us dollar to canadian